Exploring the Deep

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This can make the descent a lengthy and stressful event for crewed missions. As you may know, these types of expeditions can be incredibly dangerous. In fact, the recent OceanGate Titan expedition failed during the descent, as the submersible could not withstand the immense water pressure at that depth. Sadly, this doomed expedition resulted in the loss of five lives. Final Words

a b c Schultz, Fred L. (October 1996). " 'It's a Carnival': An Interview with Robert Ballard". Naval History Magazine. Vol.10, no.5. United States Naval Institute. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021 . Retrieved 18 May 2020. With the regenerated interest this week in the Titanic undersea expeditions with the missing submersible Titan, we’re returning to one of the best firsthand accounts of these perilous journeys, by none other than James Cameron and the late Bill Paxton, who recalled the dangers and risks to himself and his family in the book Exploring the Deep, reviewed below.Ballard, Robert D. (December 2004). "Why is Titanic Vanishing?". National Geographic Magazine. Archived from the original on 11 August 2017 . Retrieved 29 January 2011. Serway, Raymond A.; Jewett, John W. (2006). Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text, Volume 1. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-534-49143-7. Today, the Titanic remains deep beneath the surface of the North Atlantic Ocean. To be more exact, it is resting at a depth of roughly 12,500 feet or 3,800 meters below the surface. Given that the average depth of the Atlantic Ocean is approximately 12,100 feet, the Titanic sits at a particularly deep location. That said, exploring the ship’s interior is even more difficult than visiting its exterior, so much of it remains a mystery. Naturally, the tight spaces make manned missions extremely difficult. Even unmanned submersibles struggle to reach the ship’s interior without damaging it. Spignesi, Stephen (20 February 2012). "An Expanded Interview with Douglas Faulkner-Woolley". Stephen Spignesi. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022 . Retrieved 16 November 2020.

The final chapter of the book Cameron recounts a roundtable discussion put together just before the centennial anniversary of the disaster, where Cameron’s seventeen years of research established more than a dozen updates to what we thought about the causes and nature of the sinking of the ship. Lynch, Don; Marschall, Ken (2003). Ghosts of the Abyss. New York: Madison Press Books. ISBN 0306812231. The results were inconclusive, as three weeks of surveying in almost continuous bad weather during July and August 1980 failed to find the Titanic. The problem was exacerbated by technological limitations; the Sea MARC sonar used by the expedition had a relatively low resolution and was a new and untested piece of equipment. It was nearly lost only 36 hours after it was first deployed when the tail was ripped off during a sharp turn, destroying the magnetometer, which would have been vital for detecting the Titanic 's hull. Nonetheless, it surveyed an area of some 500 square nautical miles (1,700 square kilometres) and identified 14 possible targets. [23] A documentary of this expedition, featuring Welles, was titled Search for the Titanic (1981). [24] a b c d e "Titanic salvage hits storm of protest". BBC News. BBC. 14 August 1998. Archived from the original on 20 March 2018 . Retrieved 18 May 2020. a b c d e f Ringle, Ken (6 August 1996). "New Depths for Titanic Promoter?". The Washington Post. Nash Holdings. Archived from the original on 6 June 2020 . Retrieved 18 May 2020.MacInnis, Joseph B.; Cameron, James (2005). James Cameron's Aliens of the Deep. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society. ISBN 978-0-7922-9343-9. Metal components of the Titanic, such as its enormous hull, have undergone extensive corrosion. Constant exposure to saltwater and the immense water pressure has seriously deteriorated the ship’s metal structures. Organic materials, like the Titanic’s renowned wooden interiors, have decayed over the years. Ward, Greg (2012). The Rough Guide to the Titanic. London: Rough Guides Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4053-8699-9. Librarian Note: James Halpern, Samuel; Weeks, Charles (2011). "Description of the Damage to the Ship". In Halpern, Samuel (ed.). Report into the Loss of the SS Titanic : A Centennial Reappraisal. Stroud, UK: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-6210-3.

Wade, Wyn Craig (1992). The Titanic : End of a Dream. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-016691-0. Between 25 July and 10 September 1987, an expedition mounted by IFREMER and a consortium of American investors which included George Tulloch, G. Michael Harris, D. Michael Harris and Ralph White made 32 dives to the Titanic using the submersible Nautile. Controversially, they salvaged and brought ashore more than 1,800 objects. [43] A joint Russian-Canadian-American expedition took place in 1991 using the research vessel Akademik Mstislav Keldysh and its two MIR submersibles. Sponsored by Stephen Low and IMAX, CBS, National Geographic and others, the expedition carried out extensive scientific research with a crew of 130 scientists and engineers. The MIRs carried out 17 dives, spending over 140 hours at the bottom, shooting 40,000 feet (12,000m) of IMAX film. This was used to create the 1992 documentary film Titanica, which was later released in the US on DVD in a re-edited version narrated by Leonard Nimoy. [44] [45]

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In May 2023, the mapping company Magellan and the film production company Atlantic Productions created the first full-sized digital scan of the Titanic, using deep-sea mapping. The 3D view of the entire ship enables it to be seen as if the water has been drained away. It is hoped the scan can shed new light on the sinking. [77] A large V-shaped section of the ship just aft of midships, running from the keel upwards through Number 1 Boiler Room and upwards to cover the area under funnel numbers three and four, was believed to have disintegrated entirely when the ship broke up. This was one of the weakest parts of the ship as a result of the presence of two large open spaces– the forward end of the engine room and the aft First Class passenger staircase. The rest of this part of the ship is scattered across the seabed at distances of 130 to 260 feet (40 to 80m) from the main part of the stern. [100] Patil, Anushka (22 June 2023). "The debris found today was "consistent with catastrophic loss of the pressure chamber" in the submersible, Mauger said". The New York Times . Retrieved 22 June 2023.